Clinical and Forensic Monitoring of Zopiclone Through the Use of a Degradation Product
Anna N. Miller, Stephanie D Gozum, Gregory C. Janis
Abstract
Anna N. Miller, Stephanie D Gozum, Gregory C. Janis
Abstract
Methods: Sample analysis initiates with a rapid LC-MS/MS analysis monitoring for a panel of “Z-Drug” non-benzodiazepine sedative hypnotic compounds consisting of zolpidem, zaleplon, and zopiclone and their primary metabolites zolpidem phenyl-4-carboxylic acid, 5-oxo-zaleplon, zopiclone-N-oxide, and N-desmethylzopiclone. In addition, ACP is semi-quantitatively monitored as an indicator of zopiclone or zopiclone metabolites. When zopiclone, zopiclone metabolites, or ACP are detected, a second analysis is performed under alkaline conditions forcing the degradation of all remaining zopiclone and zopiclone metabolites to ACP prior to the quantitative analysis of ACP.
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Methods: Sample analysis initiates with a rapid LC-MS/MS analysis monitoring for a panel of “Z-Drug” non-benzodiazepine sedative hypnotic compounds consisting of zolpidem, zaleplon, and zopiclone and their primary metabolites zolpidem phenyl-4-carboxylic acid, 5-oxo-zaleplon, zopiclone-N-oxide, and N-desmethylzopiclone. In addition, ACP is semi-quantitatively monitored as an indicator of zopiclone or zopiclone metabolites. When zopiclone, zopiclone metabolites, or ACP are detected, a second analysis is performed under alkaline conditions forcing the degradation of all remaining zopiclone and zopiclone metabolites to ACP prior to the quantitative analysis of ACP.
Key concepts: Zopiclone, Zolpidem, Chemistry, Hypnotic, Pharmacology, Medicine, Insomnia