Parent-infant music therapy: the effects, efficacy and practice of music therapy for young children and their caregivers

Background: Music therapy for young children (aged 0–5) and their caregivers is not yet developed in the Netherlands.Methodology: Systematic review of empirical evidence; review of practice-based evidence; review of related theories; survey among Dutch music therapists.Results: Parent–child music therapy is effective in the early treatment of children with physical, mental and behavioural issues and in the treatment of at-risk families with young children. Best practices show consensus in the use of structured improvisation, action songs, and lullabies, the use of several core techniques, and a strengths-oriented attitude. Related theories indicate that music can support the process of parent–infant bonding. The biggest potential target group for Dutch music therapists who want to offer parent–infant music therapy is formed by children with autism spectrum disorder, children with conduct disorder, and children with attachment problems.Conclusion: The effectiveness of parent–child music therapy for childre...