[Part of the concentrations boundary layers in creations the electrical properties of cell containing two polymeric membranes and binary electrolyte solutions].

The aim of this work was to define the influence of concentrated border layers upon electrical properties of a 2-membrane diffusive cell, consisting of two 1-membrane systems connected parallel, in which the membranes were fixed in horizontal planes. To realize the major aim of the work the partial aims were determined: the examining of the voltage effect of concentrated border layers in a 2-membrane diffusive cell, containing two and three - ingredient electrolyte solutions, the examining of asymmetry of the voltage effect of concentrated border layers, the amplification of the voltage effect of concentrated border layers, the working out concentrated border layers in a 2-membrane diffusive cell containing two-component electrolyte solutions. The research material consisted of flat and symmetrical membranes of cellulose named Nephrophane and Ultra Flow 145 Dialyser applied in the coil hemodialyzers and aqueous sodium chloride solutions. The examining of membrane electric voltages psi(o) and psi(s) were carried out in the series of independent experiments. In the first stage there was established the Psi(o)(t) profile in the conditions in which membranes M1 i Mr were fixed vertically. In the second stage the psi(s)(t) profile was established in the situation in which M1 and Mr membranes were fixed horizontally. The third stage was identical to the first one. In all three stages the measurement of membrane electrical voltages was carried out until the stationary state (saturation) was achieved. In the situation when the M1 and Mr membranes were placed vertically, the whole electrical membrane voltage psi(s) measured by means of E1 and E2 electrodes was the resultant of: electrode voltage psi1 (on electrode E1), the decrease of potential psi(o)1 in the area of solution being a concentrated border layer l(o)l the membrane voltage psi(l)Mo, the decrease of potential psi(o)lm in the area of solution being concentrated border layer l(o)lm, the decrease of potential psi(o)rm in the area of solution being the concentrated border layer l(o)rm, membrane voltage (psi(4)Mo), the decrease of potential psi(o)r in the area of solution being the concentrated border layer l(o)r as well electrical voltage psi2 (on E2 electrode). psi(o) = psi1 + psi(o)l + psi(l)Mo + psi(o)lm + psi(o)rm + psi(r)Mo + psi(o)r + psi2. In the situation when membranes M1 and Mr were placed in horizontal planes, the whole electrical membrane voltage psi(s) measured on E1 and E2 electrodes were the resultant of: electrode voltage psi1 (on electrode E1), the decrease of potential psi1 in the area of solution being the concentrated border layer l(l), membrane voltage (psi(l)M), the decrease of potential psi(lm) in the area of the solution being the concentrated border layer l(lm), the decrease of potential psi(rm) in the area of the solution being the concentrated border layer l(rm), the membrane voltage (psi(r)M), the decrease of potential psi(r) in the area of the solution being the concentrated border layer l(r) as well as the electrode voltage psi2 (on electrode E2): psi(s) = psi1 + psi(l) + psi(l)M + psi(lm) + psi(rm) + psi(r)M + psi(r) + psi2. The difference of electric membrane voltages psi(s) and psi(o) was called the voltage effect of concentrated border layers and was marked with the symbol Psi(s): Psi(s) = psi(s) - psi(o). Taking into consideration the values psi(s)(t) and psi(o)(t) in the stationary state, there was counted the effect of concentrated border layers (Psi(s)) for various concentrations of the solutions of the same substances in the inter-membrane compartment in a 2-membrane diffusive cell and the relationships Psi(s)(Cs) were made.