Innovations in Breast Imaging: How Ultrasound Can Enhance the Early Detection of Breast Cancer.

Advancements in ultrasound technology have expanded the uses for ultrasonography in the evaluation of the breast. Breast masses can be delineated by specific ultrasonographic characteristics that allow them to be categorized according to their relative risk of being malignant. When combined with physical examination and mammography, breast ultrasonography can decrease additional radiation exposure associated with repeat mammograms. It also can lower the cost of evaluation of the breast, and it often reduces the number of open biopsies. In addition, ultrasound can be used for definitive pathologic diagnosis by guiding fine-needle aspiration and core biopsy, as well as facilitating preoperative needle localization for excisional biopsy. This article will review the expanding indications and describe the principles behind the performance and interpretation of breast ultrasonography.