Discussion on the trading relations between Ming court and Mongolians in the ZHANG Ju-zheng reform period

In the beginning of Wanli period,to conform to the historical times when there's a friendly relation between Mongolian and Han,ZHANG Ju-zheng tried to promote the policies of offering tributes and mutually trading,which further improved the Mongolian-Han relation.On the one hand,the trading and conferring relations with Anda group and other Mongolian tribes were consolidated and developed by the measures of consoling,granting titles and territories,and so on,realizing the purpose of restraining captives to a certain extent.On the other hand,resumed mutual trade with Mongolian tribes,established horse market,opened official market,allow nongovernmental market,which enhanced the relation between Mongolian and Han nationalities,and met the bilateral needs.Though these measures have many limitations,at least in a certain period,they relieved the complicated relation between Ming court and Mongolians for a long time and were the important achievement acquired in the reform by ZHANG Ju-zheng.