China's Encouragement on Fertility Is like Sailing against the Current

China's low fertility now will bring about a negative impact to the future economic and social development. In comparison with other countries and regions, the paper points out that the willingness to give birth in China is very low now, whose causes are briefly studied in the paper. It then analyses three downward pressures on the nation's future fertility and three vicious?circle chains leading to difficulties of fertility rise. Finally it compares countries and regions in East Asia and Iran, referring to the change of their population situation, the roadmaps of their population policy and present incentive measures. On this basis, it concludes that China will face extremely difficult tasks to increase fertility rate in the future and to maintain the sustainable population development.