Belief of "heaven" and the concept of "heaven" in Confucianism and their historical developments

This paper holds that, in theories of Confucianism possesses religious sense. From the Qin and Han dynasties to the Song and Ming dynasties, it experienced a developmental process from the having will and sentiments with both ethic rationality and likes dislikes to the only with ethic rationality but without sentimental wills. Corresponding to this, the mode by which the governing the world also changed from directly through mutual influences between and human to an indirect mode, i.e. letting the heaven principles intrinsically locating in the myriad things and human through the mandate of heaven, and thus making the myriad things and human directly dominated by their innate Idea or nature.