Research Progress of ELF/VLF Radiation Generation from Ionosphere Modulated by Powerful HF Waves

The development of ELF(Extremely Low Frequency)/VLF (Very Low Frequency) electromagnetic radiation generation from the ionosphere natural current modulated by powerful High Frequency waves is reviewed.The system parameter configurations of the typical heating facilities and the detection results of ELF/VLF signals on both ground and satellite are introduced.The research of raising ELF/VLF generation efficiency is summarized,especially the theoretical research and application of beam painting technique.The problems to be studied and solved for the next step are proposed.