A Study of shi(是) and dou(都) from the Perspective of Markedness Theory

The focus marker shi(是) will not co-occur with the scope adverb dou(都) when an agent as subject is co-referred by them,because there is such a principle that an agent can only be emphasized on one quantity or actor.An agent will not become the non-polar contrastive focus in the absolute-subject-predicate sentence which contains the scope adverb dou(都),because the universal reference is monopoly on the focus.In the ba(把)-dou(都) sentence,the focus marker shi(是) can co-occur with the scope adverb dou(都) when the patient directed by the preposition ba(把) isn't the arbitrary reference,because the scope adverb dou(都) refers to the patient rather than the agent.