Effect of glucose related to peritoneal dialysate on peritoneal mesothelial cells in vitro

[Objective] To investigate the effect of three-concentration glucose related to peritoneal dialysate (1.5%, 2.5%, 4.25%) on apoptosis and morphological changes of peritoneal mesothelial cells in vitro. [Methods] Peritoneal Mesothelial cells were isolated from omental specimens by trypsin disaggregation and established a culture model of peritoneal mesothelial cells. The apoptosis rates of peritoneal mesothelial cells in vitro were detected by Hoechst 33258 fluorescent dye and flow cytometer when the cells were treated with high glucose related to peritoneal dialysate. The morphologic changes of peritoneal mesothelial cells in vitro were observed with transmission electron microscopy. [Results] The results from Hoechst 33258 Fluorescent dye and flow cytometer showed that 1.5%, 2.5%, 4.25% glucose all led to significant apoptosis of peritoneal mesothelial cells compared with the control group (P 0.05), there were significant difference among three glucose groups (P 0.05), the apoptosis rate of 4.25% mannitol rose apparently (P 0.01), but 4.25% glucose can induce significant apoptosis compared with 4.25% mannitol (P 0.05). And compared with the normal control group, the three groups all showed significant apoptosis (P 0.05) when peritoneal mesothelial cells were treated with 1.5% glucose for 24 hours, 72 hours, 120 hours respectively. There was correlation between the apoptosis rate of peritoneal mesothelial cells, the concentration and the treated time of glucose (r0.7, P 0.05). The following were the morphological changes of peritoneal mesothelial cells from transmission electron microscope after the cells were incubated for 72 hours in 4.25% glucose media: the microvilli were prostrate and lost, the mitochondrium changed into vacuolus, the chromatin condensed and gathered to the side of nucleus, and apoptosis bodies appeared. [Conclusions] The three concentrations of glucose related to peritoneal dialysate and 4.25% mannitol all led to apoptosis of peritoneal mesothelial cells. The apoptosis of peritoneal mesothelial cells induced by glucose is in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Besides osmotic pressure, the apoptosis caused by glucose is related to the metabolism effect of glucose. The morphologic changes caused by glucose are the microvilli prostrate and loss, Change of mitochondrium into vacuolus, the chromatin condensing and gathering to the side of nucleus.