Responses of Grain Yield and Quality Characteristics to Nitrogen in Different Quality Types of Winter Wheat

The responses of grain yield and quality of different winter wheat varieties to nitrogen were studied on the condition of two N rates (88 kg·hm~(-2) and 176 kg·hm~(-2), pure nitrogen) and two top dressing stages (jointing stage and heading stage). The results indicated that grain yield and N harvest were (significantly) (higher) at high N rate than at low N rate, increased by 401.9 kg·hm~(-2) and 11.9 kg·hm~(-2) (respectively); and grain yield and N harvest were more (higher) when N fertilizer was applied at jointing stage than that at heading stage, increased by 379.3 kg hm~(-2) and 8.1 kg hm~(-2) (respectively). Response of protein content of different (varieties) was different at two N fertilizer rates and two top dressing stages. (Difference) of protein content of (Jinan) 17 and PH97-4 was not (significant) at different N rates, however, protein content of PH82-2-2 and PH97-5 were (significantly) (higher) when N fertilizer was applied at heading stage than that at jointing stage. (Differences) of wet gluten content and volume weight and hardness of grain were not (significant) at different N rates, and they were (higher) when N fertilizer was applied at heading stage than that at jointing stage. (Differences) of sedimentation volume and falling number were not (significant) at different N rates and at top dressing stages. Water absorption and stability time of paste were not distinct at different N rates, and water absorption of flour increased by 0.7 per cent, while developing time and stability time of paste decreased (respectively) by 1.39 min and 0.61 min when N fertilizer was applied at heading stage. Flour quality parameters of different winter wheat (varieties) were markedly diverse. Processing quality could improve if we properly (applied) N fertilizer, however, the effect was not distinct. Quality (characteristics) of winter wheat varieties were dominated by (genotypes.)