National Identity and Ethnic Awareness in Cultural Exchanges and Conflicts:A Case Study of the Cultural Exchanges and Conflicts between the Huis of China and the Missionaries of the West in the Late Ming Dynasty and the Early Qing Dynasty

The late Ming dynasty and the early Qing dynasty was a special period in China in which China was experiencing the transformation from a traditional agricultural society to a modern society and the culture and ideology of the missionaries of the West exerted much impacts on China.The cultural exchanges and conflicts between the Hui leaders of China and the missionaries of the West found expression in different understandings of calendars,philosophy and translation while their national identity and ethnic awareness under the influence of the dominant Confucian culture were worthy of attention,which to a certain degree reflected the fusion and national identity of the Hui group as a part of the multi-elements of the Chinese nation.