Reasons of the Failure of the Late Qing Dynasty Reform and Its Historical Enlightenment

After the Xinchou Treatise, the Chinese Society was in the troubles of foreign invasion and domestic class contradiction. Its rule function decreased and rule risk increased. In order to save the sunset Qing Dynasty, the Qing government headed by Cixi had to reform. However, the reform did not save the Qing Dynasty as expected. Instead, it speeded up the death of the Qing Dynasty. The failure of the late Qing reform is the result of historical inevitability and the subject's wrong choice. Therefore, it tells us that if we want to succeed in reform, we should respect historical inevitability and play a full role of subject's choice.