Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy under ultrasound guidance for treatment of complex renal calculi

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and availability of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) under ultrasound guidance for treatment of complex renal calculi. Methods 58 patients were retrospectively investigated having complex renal calculi after treating with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy under ultrasound guidance. Of these 58 cases, 2.5 cm renal calculi was found in 28 cases, staghorn calculi in 4, multiple calculi in 20, infective calculi in 5 and solitary renal calculi in 1. Results Single tract procedure was performed in 34 cases, two tracts in 22, three tracts in 2. The total stone clearence amounted to 92%. Average operative duration was 2.2 h. Two cases had massive hemorrhage at 6 h and 28 h respectively after the procedure. Conclusion Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy under ultrasound guidance is effective and safe for treatment of complex renal calculi.