Eco-environmental Degradation Characteristics of Wetlands in Shanxi and Restoration Strategies

The wetlands in Shanxi, composing of various kinds of wetland, located in the valley of rivers, lakes and reservoirs and around the lakes and the reservoirs,which are divided into wetlands in inland estuary, river wetlands, lake wetlands, reservoir wetlands and swamp wetlands and meadow wetlands, totally, their area is (2 146) km~2. The eco-environment characteristics of wetlands in Shanxi are that distribution broadly, types variously and biodiversity abundantly. Because of the invention of human being and natural causes, there are in degradation characteristics for the wetlands in Shanxi in some degree. Those problems mainly are as follows:(1) Serious pollution from coal, chemical engineering and metallurgical enterprises was resulted in the losing of the eco-environment function of wetlands, especially in the rivers.(2) Extra-extensive exploration for the flooding plain and the lakes caused that wetland area was decreased gradually, and the vegetation of wetland was damaged seriously.(3)Non-reasonable utilizing and extra-prey led to biodiversity decreasing.(4) The building of some reservoirs was one of the important factors speeding the losing of wetland area. (5) The arid climate in Shanxi for more than 30 years led to there was not any water in lots of rivers most time annually, and those rivers became 'season river'. Moreover, the scientific strategy for restoration the eco-environment of wetlands in Shanxi is discussed.