Improvement on calculating method of passive earth pressure considering translational movement effect

Based on the characteristics of passive earth pressure changing with the displacement of retaining wall,The relationship between the outer friction angles and the wall movement was quoted.,The formula for angle of the most unfavourable was established.Use of energy method for calculating the earth pressure against rigid retaining wall has been studied and discussed,and the formula based on energy method was improved.Comparison of the calculated results with the measured results from example show that the improved formula can provide a good prediction of the passive earth pressure behind rigid retaining wall under translation mode.