The Re-systematization of Confucianism in the Ch'ing Dynasty

The Ch'ing Confucians strived to re-excavate the meaning of Confucianism out of the Confucian classics,devoting themselves to the re-systematization of Confucianism.To counter the malpractice of Neo-Confucianism,Gu Yan-wu pointed out two measures to remedy Confucianism: one is radical,and the other is pursuing the through capacity.And Dai Zhen advanced the new viewpoints that Tao and capacity are an integral whole,Tao comes from the change of Qi,Li is among the things,as well as Li is dependent on the desire,which declared once again the humanism of Confucianism,and restored the academic atmosphere of pursuing practical utility through engagement in the world.Confucianism of the Ch'ing dynasty expressed fairly strong sense of criticism and academic independence,constituting the fourth theoretical form of Confucianism.