A Narrative of Liu Hsi-hung' mission as envoy to Germany

The lack of knowledge about international affairs had frequently brought the Qing Dynasty diplomatic disadvantages since the Opium War in 1840. For the sake of political and diplomtic benefits, coupled with the pressure of the foreign forces, the Qing Government was forced to start the diplomatic envoy system. Liu His-hung, for his bond with Kuo Sung-tao, was appointed as a minister to British, then to Germany, where he established the first Chinese embassy in that country. During his term in Germany, Liu His-hung tried to combat in the diplomatic arena for the sovereignty of China , but he did nothing, due to his limited vision and conservative mind. He was eventually removed from the position of envoy in the struggle against Kuo Sung-tao, as well as with Li Hung-chang.