Discussion of Immigration in Ming and Qing Dynasty and Development of Wenshan Region (1382—1840)

Large immigrations to the present Wenshan region went to high tide in the middle of Qing Dynasty,espe- cially after being reformed and conformed in Yongzheng's reign.Han immigrants were mainly distributed in the control limits of counties,other areas around the countries,or in the towns along main traffic roads,while minority ethnic groups mainly lived in mountain area or semi-mountain area.Compared with Ming Dynasty,Wenshan developed in more aspects in Qing Dynasty.Com was introduced and swiftly became the main crop in the mountain area,which promoted the devel- opment of agriculture there.Qing government ruled the frontier areas with further enhancement,and local government ad- vocated actively education,especially the Han immigrants moved to and interacted with other ethnic groups.All these brought small effects on the society of Wenshan's ethnic groups,thus resulting in slow transition of the society.Owing to limited population and distribution of the immigrants,the change of the areas of ethnic groups was not fast.That's why much more traditional customs of the ethnic groups have been kept up to nowadays in some of ethnic groups villages.