"Yi" and "Man-han":Exploration of the Origin of Nationalism in late Qing Dynasty

In the early Qing Dynasty,Manchu emperor relieved the traditionalYi Xia Distinctionthrough the construction ofManchuria Community.During the Opium War,barbariansinvasion changed the meaning of theYi Xia Distinctionand the criteria for discriminationbarbariansandChinesewhich formed in early Qing Dynasty,but alsoexacerbated the crisis ofYi Xia Distinctionmodel to understand theWorld.During the Second Opium War,Yiwas banned in treaty form,blocked the traditionalYi Xia Distinctionto understand the Western powers.However,the significance ofYiwas transformed in the late Qing Dynasty:Its alleged object became more clear,and the meaning became more rigid.Yiwas translated into a symbol of Manchu,Yi Xia Distinctionmixed Western nationalism,and formed the new nationalism thatrejecting white aggression,overthrowing the Manchu’s rule.The conversion of status and content ofYiis important reason which led to a variety of differences of nationalism in late Qing Dynasty.