On the Failure of Constitutional Reform in Late Qing Dynasty

To resolve the Ruling Crisis for constitution,on September 1,1906,Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu promulgated the decree Prepared to Follow Constitutional Monarchy,by which late Qing Dynasty started to transform from the traditional autocracy into modern constitutionalism. Due to the situation of China at that time,however,the failure of late Qing Dynasty's constitutional reform is inevitable. Without solid foundation of constitutionality,the reform was doomed to failure. At the same time,the structure in late Qing Dynasty's power system makes Man's might resist any constitutional attempt; above all,for severe scarcity of legitimacy,late Qing Dynasty couldn't integrate social resource to promote the constitutional reform effectively.