Analysis of the reason of failure for the political transition in the late Qing Dynasty

In the late Qing Dynasty, there was a hard practical process of political transition ideologically originated from abroad, such as Establishment of Yamen, the Reform Movement of 1898 and the New Constitutionalism. However, all these initiatives finally failed and the Qing Government was ended. Needless to say, the failure of the late Qing political transition was the various forces effects. From a macro perspective, the social and historical conditions at the time determine the success of any political transition because of many politically checking factors like the historical traditions, social reality, subjective will and the other factors. Through combing of the late Qing history carefully, I think, there are three key reasons leading to the failure of political transition. (1) Lack of motivation of the transition was caused by the traditional political culture; (2) It was lack the organizational system because of the traditional literati class changing radically weather. (3)The transformation lacking the spirit foundation was caused by the spirit of the cornerstones of Confucianism as the core collapse of traditional ideology. It is useful to study and draw experience from the historical practice in that period of time in order to promote political development in China nowadays.