Bionomics of Titanoeca nipponica Yaginuma

Titanoeca nipponica Yaginuma is an important natural enemy predating many species of pest insects.It has one generation a year in the southeast coastal area of Shandong Province and overwinters as spiderlings at different instars in litter and weeds.It revives in the first ten days of March the next year and begins to develope into adult and mate in mid April.The oviposition and hatching begins in the first ten days of May and ends in mid October.The egg stage,spiderling stage and adult stage last for 13(11～15),326.2 and 58.4 days respectively.The ratio of female to male is 5∶1.One adult predates 4.5 smaller green leafhoppers(Empoasce flavescens) a day on average.