Study of two-stage minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy performed under local anesthesia: report of 42 cases

Objective To explore the effect and safety of two-stage minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy under local anesthesia. Methods From April 2011 to October 2011, 42 patients who suffered from renal calculi or upper ureteral calculi were treated with two-stage minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy under local anesthesia, the clinical effect was evaluated. Results The outcomes in all 42 patients were satisfying. No major complication occurred. No conversion to open surgery or other anesthesia was needed. Conclusions Two-stage minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy under local anesthesia has the advantages of less surgical trauma, better outcome and lower cost in selective cases, and it is safe and easy to be mastered.