The Spatial Distribution and Pattern Optimization of Rural Settlements in Plain Water Area—a Case of Gong'an, Hubei

Taking Gong'an county of Hubei province as the case and using spatial autocorrelation measurement method,especially studied the characteristics of spatial distribution, influence mechanism and pattern optimization of rural settlements in plain water area by applying Arc GIS10.0 and Geoda095 i spatial analysis technique.The results show that:distribution of small-scale rural settlement has high density,the large-scale settlement is contary to the small-scale rural settlement in Gong'an county. And the Moran's I of global and local indicates furtherly that the local agglomeration about the small-scale rural settlement in Gong'an county is significant, but large-scale settlement agglomeration is weak.Hydrologic, terrain, traffic and other basic geographic conditions still decide the spatial distribution of rural settlements in plain water area, while some factors, such as the migration of population, urbanization, industrialization of agriculture,urban and rural management policy, influenced profoundly on the settlement pattern. Thinking optimization of settlement pattern of the new period needs to solve these problems that the structure and layout of settlement system which don't meet the development requirements, the construction of center village and diaspora village is not reasonable. And based on the perspective of centralizing population and improving the level of public service,it has discussed the scientific layout of rurban community, center village and diaspora village.