A Tentative Study on Transformation of the Thoughts of Laozi Made by Zhuagnzi's Disciples—Take Quqiefor an Example

It is generally believed that the Outer and Miscellaneous Chapters of Zhuangzi are composed by disciples of Zhuangzi in later times,which can be verified byhaving ruled Qi for 12 generationsquoted in Quqie of Zhuangzi's outer Chapters.Taking Quqie for an example,though it quotes Laozi for many times,we can find the differences between the thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi's disciples:firstly,Laozi is for the saints‘rule but Zhuangzi's disciples object to this ultimately;secondly,Laozi does not absolutely negate the saints ‘wisdoms and regulations but Zhuagnzi's disciples do;lastly,Laozi advocates ruing art but the Zhuangzi's disciples object to this completely.The transformation of Laozi made by Zhuangzi's disciples may be caused by idea differences between Laozi and Zhuangzi,historical and academic backgrounds.