Effects of Continuous Fertilization on the Growth,Yield and Water Consumption of Winter Wheat

Based on the long-term fertilization experiments,effects of different fertilization on the growth,yield,and water consumption of winter wheat were studied.Results showed that different fertilization can increase wheat height,leaf area and biomass.The order of the treatments,in terms of wheat height,leaf area and biomass were in the same order:single nitrogen application treatment(N) was higher than no fertilization application treatment(CK) ,mixed application of nitrogen and phosphorus treatment(NP) was significantly higher than CK and N,the three manure treatment,single manure application treatment(M) ,mixed application of nitrogen and manure(NM) ,mixed application of nitrogen,phosphorus and manure(NPM) had the highest wheat height,leaf area and biomass.Photosynthetic rate was significantly affected by different fertilization levels,which increased with the increased fertilization level.NPM had the highest photosynthetic rate during the whole growing stages,NM and NP were lower,M had higher photosynthetic rate during prior grow thing stages,and declined fast during the latter growing stages,N and CK got the lowest photosynthetic rate during the whole growing stages.The order of the treatments,in terms of wheat yield was:NPMNMMNPNCK,different fertilization significantly increased wheat yield and different fertilization levels had different effects on wheat yield.The NPM treatment increased 4 388 kg/hm2 crop yield than the treatment CK,but the treatment only increased 341kg/hm2 crop yield.Crop yields of different fertilization treatments increased from 341-4 388kg/hm2 than no fertilization treatment.Total water consumption increased with the fertilization level.Yield level and biomass level water use efficiency were in the same order:the NPM treatment and NP treatment both were significantly higher than the N and CK treatment.The results indicate the application of manure and the combined application of different fertilizer all can increase wheat growth and increase crop yields,especially the combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and manure,is the most efficient fertilizer level in improving wheat yield and water use efficiency.