Effect of Long-term Fertilization on Nutrient Absorption and Yield of Winter Wheat

A long-term(1981-2013)field experiment was carried out to study the effects of longterm fertilization on yield,nutrient uptake and fertilizer apparent efficiency of winter wheat on Loessal soil at Tianshui city,Gansu province.The results showed that there was a low increase in the single N or manure(M)treatment compared with CK(no fertilization).Combination of chemical fertilizer or the combination of chemical fertilizer and manure increased winter wheat yield significantly.Under the MNPK treatment,the average yield of winter wheat was the highest(5 069kg·hm-2),which was increased by 173.41% compared to CK,and the contribution rate of fertilizer was 62.60%;the total nutrient uptake of N,P and K was 141.13kg·hm-2,16.86kg·hm-2 and 123.69kg·hm-2,respectively,compared with CK,which was increased by 239.42%,218.11% and 237.31%;the apparent efficiency of N and K was maximum,which was 55.68% and 76.43%,and the apparent efficiency of P was maximum in the MN treatment which was 19.57%.Sigle application of fertilizer went against the increase of fertilizer efficiency,and the apparent efficiency of combination of chemical fertilizer and manure was lower than that of chemical fertilizer.The most effective way to increase the yield and fer-tilizer use efficiency of wheat in agricultural production was to combine rational fertilization.