Preachers and ways to western sports cultural communication between the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China

For China the period between the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China was a period of transition from a feudal society to a modern society,and also a period during which western sports culture was introduced into and communicated in China.Preachers played an important role in communicating western sports culture in modern China between the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China.They had not only boosted the extensive communication of modern western sports culture,especially the Olympic culture,in modern China,but also triggered the change of sports value conception of Chinese,and promoted the localization of western sports culture in China.Between the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China,the ways for preachers coming to China to communicate western sports culture mainly include the followings: mass communication ways–communicating western sports culture via such printed media as books,newspapers and periodicals;organization communication ways-communicating western sports culture via such social organizations as ecclesiastical schools and Young Men's Christian Association;interpersonal communication ways-communicating western sports culture via such a particular form as sports competition.