Preaching for the Imperial Examination:The Goals and Ideals of Building College in Southern Song Dynasty——on Neo-Confucians Zhu Xi and Zhang Shi

In Southern Song Dynasty,there were a considerable part of scholars bankrupt in their sense of honor when the destiny of the nation was in danger.Some Neo-Confucians represented by Zhu Xi and Zhang Shi thought it was the high time to reform the Imperial Examination,to rebuild moral human relations and to reassure the people with a brand new value.They had their unique sense of social responsibility to undertake the historic mission such as preaching and sermon,so they had launched the movement of reviving the college,regarding preaching as a path to the goals and ideals of the College construction.The spirit of their preaching was to inherit the enlightening influence of Kong Zi including kindness to others,nothing more than king-loyalty filial piety,honesty and reliance,and the ideas that he could do great help to the people when appointed or he would not regret for not being appointed.As for the content of their preaching,different sects show different characteristics,among which the advantages of Zhang Shi and Zhu Xi are their analysis of the distinction between the truth and human desire and the theory of elaborating justice and benefit is very clear and brief which is the strong point of Lu Jiu Yuan.