The Whole Process of Representations to Japan Made by Chinese Officials and Populace Against “Zhina”, a Scornful Address Used by Japanese Government to Refer to China

After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 - 1895, Zhina, a name the Japanese government used to refer to China, started to have contemptuous implications. In the summer of 1913, while the Japanese government was ready to acknowledge the Republic of China, it decided to use the scornful address of Zhina as their official address of China. Faced with the protracted struggle and representations by the Chinese government and people, the Japanese government had to change this form of address.