Xing and Qing : An Elucidation by Dong Zhongshu from the Perspective of Yin and Yang

Dong Zhongshu's view on Xing and Qing (namely, human nature and emotion) differs from and even transcends that of Mencius, Xun Zi and New Confucianists in Song and Ming Dynasties. He explains Xing and Qing from the perspective of Yin and Yang. And he was the first person to do so. Yin and Yang can derive from Xing and Qing, and vice versa. Both Xing and Qing have the character of Yin and Yang. Qing comes from the positive Xing. Qi (vital energy) of Yin and Yang endows both heaven and humans with the character of Xing and Qing, and makes them interact. Heaven has the same function as humans. Dong maintains that human nature is not yet good, but it can be guided to become good. A metaphor might be helpful in understanding his theory on Xing and Qing, namely “human nature (Xing) is like grain, and emotion (Qing) rice”.