Shang Du of Yuan Dynasty: The Ruin of a Great Civilization

There has stood a great ruin of ancient city in the grassland of Jin Lian Chuan in Inner Mongolia,that is the grassland international capital with 600 years silence,Shang Du of Yuan Dynasty.The Ancient City was built from the year of 1256,and it was given the name of Kaiping city.In the year of 1260,Hubilie succeeded the Han throne here and the city became the temporary capital city.The building up of Kaiping as the regime's capital was a incident with great political significance in the history of Yuan Mongolia,since the ruling center of the previous four regimes were all in the area of south of Mo,from Hubilie,the ruling center moved to the north of Mo,where was Chinese area.The Yuan Capital has three layers of walls,and the outside wall with the shape of square in surface,and 8 800 meter in girth.The four passes of the capital city covered a very wide range of land and every pass has the area as big as the capital.The tombs of Yuan Dynasty discovered around the ancient capital can be divided into two types,one type was the tombs of the families of Han Nationality,the other type was the tombs of normal Mongolia people.