Uncovering Calligraphy and Painting Forgery——Study on Calligraphy and Painting Forgery in the Song Dynasty (III)

Up to the Song Dynasty,ancient Chinese calligraphy and painting enter a completely new era.The style turns to be meaning-oriented instead of connotation-oriented in the Jin Dynasty or principle-oriented in the Tang Dynasty and there appear great calligraphers represented by SU,HUANG,MI and CAI.The paintings are mature in all aspects:complete prosperity in portrait,landscape,flower-and-bird,animal paintings;perfect skill in meticulous,freehand,color,and water-ink painting;co-existence of royal painting institutes,scholar painters and folk artisans.The prosperity of the cities and the growth of the urban citizen class bring forth the strong performance of the calligraphy and painting market,together with which is the prevalent forgery.The interactive development between forgery and anti-forgery accelerates the progress of calligraphy and painting in the Song Dynasty.