Study on Water Environmental Evolution and Its Influencing Factors in the Headwater Area of the Huangpu River

The upstream of Huangpu River is the main headwater area in Shanghai.Although the protection program of the upstream has been identified recently,the water quality in the source areas did not change better.Based on the monitoring data of the upstream water quality in 1986-2002 and the boundary water quality in 2002,the water quality variance in the intake and upper reaches was discussed.The spatial variations of pollutants were analyzed, and there was significant difference between the water quality of intake and those of upper reaches.The concentrations of the pollutants were also affected by the periodic evolvement.The main factors controlling water environmental quality (regional development and water quality of upper reaches,urbanization and population scale, local economic level and point pollution,land use patterns and non-point pollution)were analyzed.Finally a scheme of source water area protection in the upstream of Huangpu River was established.The water-quality management and landuse planning should be integrated in the upper Huangpu River watershed.The source water area protection program should give priority for financial assistance to high-value,low-environmental-impact activities.The infrastructure improvements and financial assistance should be provided by source water area protection program.Watershed management for water supply in Shanghai,a developing world city should be developed.