Analysis of the dietary risk factors in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of communities

Objective To analyze the dietary risk factors in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients in communities, and to provide the scientific basis for prevention and treatment of T2 DM. Methods T2 DM cases(n=426) and healthy controls(n=426)were randomly selected for a case-control study, which was performed with the physical examination, laboratory test and the food frequency questionnaire. The differences between the two groups were compared, and the dietary risk factors of T2 DM were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression. Results The levels of BMI, SBP, DBP, FPG and serum TG in case group were significantly higher than those in control group(P0.01). The daily intakes of energy, protein, vitamin A, iron, zinc and selenium in case group were(1 941.96±843.14) kcal,(84.36±51.37) g,(1 155.91±332.52) μg RE,(40.43±28.91) mg,(12.77±10.86)mg and(64.12±35.87) μg, respectively, which were significantly higher than those [(1 806.86±581.48) kcal,(76.67±26.02) g,(745.53±121.52) μg RE,(34.23±11.63) mg,(11.11±7.97) mg and(55.73±21.54) μg] in control group(P0.05 or P0.01).But the daily intakes of dietary fiber, thiamine, calcium in case group were(21.76 ±7.38) g,(1.66 ±0.14) mg and(870.84 ±226.21) mg, respectively, which were significantly lower than those [(24.07±10.16) g,(2.23±0.51) mg and(961.67±297.31) mg,respectively] in control group(P0.05 or P0.01). The energy ratio(63.67%±6.66%) of carbohydrate in case group was lower than that(63.92%±6.65%) in control group, and the energy ratio(15.32%±2.59%) of protein in case group was higher than that(15.17%±2.49%) in control group(P0.05 or P0.01). The unconditional logistic regression indicated that the protein(OR=1.015, 95%CI:1.003-1.025), iron(OR =1.003, 95% CI: 1.001-1.010), vitamin A(OR =1.004, 95% CI: 1.001-1.012) were risk factors; the dietary fiber(OR=0.896, 95%CI: 0.884-0.918), calcium(OR=0.988, 95%CI: 0.972-0.998) and thiamine(OR=0.406, 95%CI:0.395-0.429) were protection factors for T2 DM. Conclusion To control the intake of energy and eat more invegetable and fruit could prevent and reduce T2 DM.