The Grammaticalization Process and Its Characteristics and Contributing Factors of the Polite Expression "Qing"

Approximately starting from the late period of the Western Zhou Dynasty the behavior verb Qing which means request,semantic grammaticalization makes the two polite expressions used widely as mood adverbs modifying the whole clause during the age of Zuozhuan.Both Qing1 and Qing2 can be found frequently in the literatures of the mediaeval times of China,but Qing2 is decreased gradually so that it has become an adhesive morpheme since Yuan Dynasty.Qing1 is continued to from the Chinese ancient times to the present times,and its implication is extended from with respect to more common with good manners mainly found in modern Mandarin.Relatively the process of the grammaticalization of Qing1and Qing2 is not perfectly typical,its contributing factors mainly include subjectivization and generalization of acceptation which are brought about by metaphorical mapping and then propelled by Ritulization through long-time adoption in great frequency.