On New Proofs of the Shang King Zhou Chopping the Dukes and Earls

It was said that the Shang King Zhou had chopped and dismembered the dukes and the earls,and this was thought to be one of the chief causes that the Zhou King Wu had punished the Shang Dynasty by arms and the Shang King Zhou had lost his country.This version was doubted by many scholars from the ancient to modern times.It was completely confirmed to be a historical fact that the Shang King Zhou had chopped the dukes and earls by the unearthed oracle-bone and bronze inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty.The condition that the Shang Dynasty had taken people as victims in the oracle-bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty shows the tendency decreasing gradually from Shang King Wu-Ding to the Shang King Zhou.That the Shang King Zhou had chopped the dukes and earls was not a question of his personal disposition but the cultural and customary ideas of his time.