2003•Journal of Zhengzhou Institute of Light IndustryRequires access

Settlement of arbitrary bureaucracy and governmental management in Qin Dynasty

Yuan Gang

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Abstract

After bringing unification upon China with the melting down of the Six States,Qin Dynasty,bringing himself to face the question of central governmental impotence due mainly to dissipation of power and degeneracy of the Six States' bureaucracy as well,made a movement to force fundamental reforms into China governmental institutions,to the end of its establishment of uniform and highly centralized monarchy,and of condensing the sovereign power into the emperor as a single body.As a result the renowned title of old Qinshihuang(which means the emperor as the founder)was naturally assumed by the emperor,and whom were instituted the four main governmental systems,namely the administrant,the military,the censorship and the official,while,on the other hand,the local level was compartmentalized severally and equally by the unit of county,which led to the tight combination of bureaucracy and county system,and further up to the ultimate state administration as a whole.This model of bureaucracy,at once highly centralized and hard constrained up to down,led by necessity to power centralization upon county in local level,and upon,in turn,the central government in the state at large.At emperor's behest lived central officials, who, in consequence, were empowered to manage the state with high efficiency and,to put national resources of every description into full force. In light of the preceding the Six States, whose administration had long since survived under the tortures of aristocracy, power decentralization and monstrous nepotism,Qin's administration is in a position to prove a great progress,and its superiority in efficiency should be justified on a firm ground,alike essentially and politically.

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After bringing unification upon China with the melting down of the Six States,Qin Dynasty,bringing himself to face the question of central governmental impotence due mainly to dissipation of power and degeneracy of the Six States' bureaucracy as well,made a movement to force fundamental reforms into China governmental institutions,to the end of its establishment of uniform and highly centralized monarchy,and of condensing the sovereign power into the emperor as a single body.As a result the renowned title of old Qinshihuang(which means the emperor as the founder)was naturally assumed by the emperor,and whom were instituted the four main governmental systems,namely the administrant,the military,the censorship and the official,while,on the other hand,the local level was compartmentalized severally and equally by the unit of county,which led to the tight combination of bureaucracy and county system,and further up to the ultimate state administration as a whole.This model of bureaucracy,at once highly centralized and hard constrained up to down,led by necessity to power centralization upon county in local level,and upon,in turn,the central government in the state at large.At emperor's behest lived central officials, who, in consequence, were empowered to manage the state with high efficiency and,to put national resources of every description into full force. In light of the preceding the Six States, whose administration had long since survived under the tortures of aristocracy, power decentralization and monstrous nepotism,Qin's administration is in a position to prove a great progress,and its superiority in efficiency should be justified on a firm ground,alike essentially and politically.

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Available abstract

After bringing unification upon China with the melting down of the Six States,Qin Dynasty,bringing himself to face the question of central governmental impotence due mainly to dissipation of power and degeneracy of the Six States' bureaucracy as well,made a movement to force fundamental reforms into China governmental institutions,to the end of its establishment of uniform and highly centralized monarchy,and of condensing the sovereign power into the emperor as a single body.As a result the renowned title of old Qinshihuang(which means the emperor as the founder)was naturally assumed by the emperor,and whom were instituted the four main governmental systems,namely the administrant,the military,the censorship and the official,while,on the other hand,the local level was compartmentalized severally and equally by the unit of county,which led to the tight combination of bureaucracy and county system,and further up to the ultimate state administration as a whole.This model of bureaucracy,at once highly centralized and hard constrained up to down,led by necessity to power centralization upon county in local level,and upon,in turn,the central government in the state at large.At emperor's behest lived central officials, who, in consequence, were empowered to manage the state with high efficiency and,to put national resources of every description into full force. In light of the preceding the Six States, whose administration had long since survived under the tortures of aristocracy, power decentralization and monstrous nepotism,Qin's administration is in a position to prove a great progress,and its superiority in efficiency should be justified on a firm ground,alike essentially and politically.

Key concepts: Emperor, Bureaucracy, Centralized government, State (computer science), Decentralization, Sovereignty, Censorship, Political science

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