Clinical Decision Making in Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome

Refractory nephrotic syndrome is the common and special type in nephrotic syndrome.Use of corticosteroids combined with cytotoxic immunosuppressive(such as cyclophosphamide,cyclosporine,et al.) are the mainly therapy for refractory nephrotic syndrome.Despite treated with immunosuppressive agents,some patients could not receive clinical remission.Long-term treatment for these patients with more aggressive immunosuppressive agents could not receive satisfactory clinical results,but the risk of developing significant infections was significantly higher in these patients.They may occur serious complication such as life-threatening infection.So the clinical decision should be made after weighing the merits and demerits.