Synthesis and properties of a new nonionic Gemini nonionic surfactant

A new Gemini nonionic surfactant was prepared,taking anhydrous glucose,glycol,maleic anhydride,lauric acid as main material,and the reaction carried out by three steps.The optimum reaction conditions were as follows: it had reacted for 1.5 h,the temperature was 125 ℃,the molar ratio of anhydrous glucose/glycol was 3∶1,the amount of catalyst was 1.5% in the first step.The conditions of the second step reaction were the reaction temperature 135 ℃,the mole ratio of glycol glucoside/maleic anhydride 2.5∶1,the amount of catalyst 0.5% and 4 h of reaction time.In the last step,effects on the reaction of factors such as reaction time,catalyst dosage and reaction temperature were investigated,and reaction conditions were determined: mole ratio of glycol glucoside maleic anhydride ester to lauric acid was 1.5∶1,and the temperature and time were 140 ℃ and 6 h.The product structure is characterized by IR and 13C-NMR.Besides,the critical micelle concentration(CMC) and the corresponding surface tension of the target product were measured to be 5.77×10-3 mol/L and 23.60 mN/m(20 ℃),respectively.The performance test results show good surface activity.