Discussion on the thoughts of anti-king-powerism from the early Qing Dynasty to the early republic of China

The criticize, happened in the early period of Qing Dynasty, which initiated by Huang Zong-xi and followed by Gu Yan-wu and Wang Fu-zhi, was the first time to make the king-powerism as the critical goal and object in Chinese history. It was also the enlightenment of thoughts in taking people as main body. The thoughts were discontinued as a result of literary persecution. During the late of Qing Dynasty, this criticize was sponsored again by Gong Zi-zhen, pushed forward by Hong Xiu-quan, and with the introduction of western learning , it was pushed to climax by Reform Group. In the revolution of 1911, the revolutionary made a theoretical summary to these critical thoughts, and thereby fulfilled the double duty of anti-king-power autocracy and making the classical view of democracy turn to modern view of civil rights.