Lidocaine combined with ketamine preventing propofol injection pain in children

Objective To compare the effects of ketamine pretreatment,propofol mixed with lidocaine and ketamine combined with lidocaine,to determine the best method in preventing the propofol injection pain.Methods 150 children aged 3~10 year old were selected in the study and divided into three groups.Children in group K received 0.4 mg/kg ketamine(3 mL),1% propofol(after 15 s).Children in group L received 3 mL saline 15 s before infusion of propofol mixed with lidocaine.Group KL received both ketamine and lidocaine as in group K and group L.The incidence of propofol injection pain was evaluated and compared among groups by an anaesthesia blinded of the grouping.The incidences of complications dose of propofol for induction and time for loss of consciousness were evaluated as well.Results The incidence of propofol injection pain of the combination group was significantly reduced compared to group L(8% vs 32%,P0.05)and group K(8% vs 28%,P0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of complication(such as vomiting,laryngyospasm,emergence agitation,delayed emergence,local edema and rash),dose of propofol for induction and time for loss of consciousness among the three groups(P0.05).Conclusion Combination use of ketamine and lidocaine is effective on preventing propofol injection pain,eliminating severe pain completely.The course of induction is smooth with no remarkable adverse event.