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2014•MacromoleculesOpen access

(Cryo)-TEM Assessment of Droplet Nucleation Efficiency in Hybrid Acrylic/CeO 2 Semibatch Miniemulsion Polymerization

Miren Aguirre, Mariano Barrado, Marı́a Paulis, José R. Leiza

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Abstract

Monomer droplet nucleation has been successfully tracked in a seeded semibatch miniemulsion polymerization with miniemulsion feeding. Taking advantage of the marker capacity of CeO 2 nanoparticles two polymerizations were designed. In the first one the seed contained nanoceria while a blank monomer miniemulsion was fed to the reactor and in the second reaction the opposite was done; namely, the seed did not contain any CeO 2 and the miniemulsion fed did. In this way, the presence of the CeO 2 in either seed or nucleated particles allowed tracking the fraction of droplets that efficiently nucleated during miniemulsion feeding. Conventional TEM and cryo-TEM were used to monitor the nucleation efficiency by analyzing separately the particles that did or did not contain CeO 2 nanoparticles.

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What this paper is about

Monomer droplet nucleation has been successfully tracked in a seeded semibatch miniemulsion polymerization with miniemulsion feeding. Taking advantage of the marker capacity of CeO 2 nanoparticles two polymerizations were designed. In the first one the seed contained nanoceria while a blank monomer miniemulsion was fed to the reactor and in the second reaction the opposite was done; namely, the seed did not contain any CeO 2 and the miniemulsion fed did. In this way, the presence of the CeO 2 in either seed or nucleated particles allowed tracking the fraction of droplets that efficiently nucleated during miniemulsion feeding. Conventional TEM and cryo-TEM were used to monitor the nucleation efficiency by analyzing separately the particles that did or did not contain CeO 2 nanoparticles.

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Available abstract

Monomer droplet nucleation has been successfully tracked in a seeded semibatch miniemulsion polymerization with miniemulsion feeding. Taking advantage of the marker capacity of CeO 2 nanoparticles two polymerizations were designed. In the first one the seed contained nanoceria while a blank monomer miniemulsion was fed to the reactor and in the second reaction the opposite was done; namely, the seed did not contain any CeO 2 and the miniemulsion fed did. In this way, the presence of the CeO 2 in either seed or nucleated particles allowed tracking the fraction of droplets that efficiently nucleated during miniemulsion feeding. Conventional TEM and cryo-TEM were used to monitor the nucleation efficiency by analyzing separately the particles that did or did not contain CeO 2 nanoparticles.

Key concepts: Miniemulsion, Nucleation, Polymerization, Monomer, Materials science, Chemical engineering, Polymer chemistry, Nanoparticle

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(Cryo)-TEM Assessment of Droplet Nucleation Efficiency in Hybrid Acrylic/CeO 2 Semibatch Miniemulsion Polymerization — Research Paper | ScholarLens