The European Model of A Compact City

Central governments of EU are promoters of the compact city as the sustainable urban form.The main characters of compact city model of Europe are two;one is to minimize the emission from driving cars by land use planning and transport policy, another is not to develop natural and agricultural land for urban use.Main elements of compact city model of Europe are high density, accessibility of usual and daily services in foot distance area, hierarchy of local area, development mainly in brown fields, reduction of car using, combination land use planning with transportation and environmental planning, clear urban boundary and good urban design. There is compact city debate about spatially about the form, how to implementation and effectiveness in Europe. Recently, the concern about compact city concept goes to wide in politician of Japanese municipalities, and they have made some city master plans by using concept of compact cities. But cases of implementations of the policies are few.