Classroom Assessment and the National Science Education Standards

EXECUTIVE SUMAMRY Organization of the Report AN INTRODUCTION TO ASSESSMENTIN THE SCIENCE CLASSROOM THE CASE FOR STRENGTHENING ASSESSMENT IN THE SCIENCE CLASSROOM A Framework for Formative Assessment The Teacher's Role The Student's Role The School's Role Assessment and High Standards Multiple Purposes of Assessment Key Points ASSESSMENT IN THE CLASSROOM Features of Formative Assessment Where Are You Trying to Go? Where Are You Now? How Can You Get There? The Equity Principle Validity and Reliability Key Points THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORAMTIVE AND SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT-IN THE CLASSROOM AND BEYOND How Can Summative Assessment Serve the Standards? Forms of Summative Assessment in the Classroom Grading and Communicating Achievement Validity and Reliability in Summative Assessments Large-Scale, External Assessment-The Current System and Need for Reform Building an External Standards-Based Summative Assessment System Learning from Current Reform Key Points PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Features of Professional Development An Agenda for Assessment-Centered Professional Development Supporting Student Involvement in Assessment Key Points BEYOND THE CLASSROOM-SYSTEM-LEVEL SUPPORTS District and State Testing Policies Teachers' Voice in External Science Assessments District and School Level Higher Education Community and Parents Toward What End? REFERENCES INDEX