Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Vascular Adhesion Molecule- 1, Interlukin1-β, and C - reactive protein Levels in Iraqi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered an inflammatory process with systemic involvement of the vascular tree.Asymptomic coronary artery disease is common in diabetic patients and is a strong predictor for future adverse coronary vascular events as well as early death.The objective of this study was to determine serum levels Intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), Vascular adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1), interleukin 1-β (IL1-β), and C-Reactive protein (CRP) in relation to some markers indicative of type II diabeticT2DM.Methods: 50 patients in early stage of T2DM with no cardiovascular history and 30 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study.All anthropometrical indexes were measured in two groups.Laboratory investigations including: Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and lipid profile were measured by enzymatic colorimetric methods.Serum insulin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL1-β, and CRP were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ELISA.Results: The levels of FBS (195.94±12.178mg/dL), Insulin (18.627± 1.224µIU/ml).VCAM-1 (2017.3±108.908 ng/dl), IL1-β (29.559 ± 1.225 pg/ml), CRP (23.989± 2.526 mg/l), and lipid abnormality, were highest in diabetic patients with significant differences (P<0.05) when compared with those of control group, while ICAM show no significant difference (57.620±0.960ng/dl).Positive significant correlation was found between VCAM and CRP(r=0.415,P= 0.01).Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) show no significant differences with ICAM,VCAM, CRP, and IL1-β.Conclusions: This study reveals that even first-time diagnosis of T 2 DM, patients with higher insulin resistance and abnormal lipids, have elevated endothelial dysfunction markers and CRP, which may up-regulate cardiovascular disease progression.