Distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria from intensive care units.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria detected from intensive care units(ICU) during the last two years in our hospital.METHODS We collected 1013 samples from 2007 to 2008 from ICU in our hospital.The API system was used to identify the pathogenic bacteria and conduct antibiotic susceptibility test.RESULTS A total of 562 pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 1013 samples.The positive rate was 55.5%.Gram-negative bacteria remained more frequent than Gram-positive bacteria.The most common Gram-negative bacteria causing ICU infection were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(21.0% of the isolates),followed by Acinetobacter baumannii(16.7% of the isolates),Escherichia coli(8.2% of the isolates),Klebsiella oxytoca(7.1% of the isolates),K.peumoniae(6.0% of the isolates),Stenotrophomomas maltophilia(5.2% of the isolates) and Enterococcus cloacae(4.6% of the isolates) among the isolates.The dominant Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria causing ICU infection were Staphylococcus and Enterococcus.The dominant Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria were sensitive to cefoperazone/sulbactam,and resistant against various other antibiotics.ESBLs producing strains were more resistant to penicillins and cephalosprins than ESBLs non producing strains.Staphylococcus were sensitive to vancomycin,teicoplanin,quinupristin/dalfopristin,nitrofurantoin,minocycline and fusidic acid.The drug resistance of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus(MRS) were higher to commonly used antibiotics than meticillin-sensitive Streptococcus(MSS).Enterococcus were comparatively sensitive to vancomycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin,and resistant against various other antibiotics.CONCLUSIONS The most pathogenic bacteria isolated from ICU are Gram-negative bacteria.Drug resistance of isolated pathogenic bacteria from ICU is a serious problem.Monitoring the change in pathogen and the trends of antimicrobial is very important in guiding the clinical administration of drugs.