Clinical anatomy and significance of the lumbar intervertebral foramen: A review

The objective of this review is to summarize the knowledge about the anatomy of the lumbar intervertebral foramen (IVF) as an anatomic entity. The intervertebral or neural foramen is an orifice located between any two adjacent vertebrae that allows communication between the spinal canal and the extraspinal region. We describe the osseous structure of the lumbar foramen, the adjacent ligaments and its components including the arteries and veins passing through or neighboring it, and the spinal nerves and roots. Although lumbar spine structures are familiar to spinal surgeons and many procedures are performed in the area of the lumbar IVF, yet surprisingly little is known about the precise anatomy of the foramen and the triangular working zone of it.