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The Genome Sequence of Drosophila melanogaster

Mark D. Adams, S Celniker, Robert A. Holt, Cheryl A. Evans, Jeannine D. Gocayne, Peter G. Amanatides, Steven E. Scherer, Peter W. Li, Roger A. Hoskins, Richard F. Galle, Reed A. George, Suzanna Lewis, Stephen M. Richards, Michael Ashburner, Scott N. Henderson, Granger G. Sutton, Jennifer Russo Wortman, Mark D. Yandell, Qing Zhang, Lin X. Chen, Rhonda C. Brandon, Yu-Hui Rogers, Robert G. Blazej, Mark Champe, Barret D. Pfeiffer, Kenneth H. Wan, Clare Doyle, Evan G. Baxter, Gregg A. Helt, Catherine R. Nelson, George L. Gabor, Miklós, Josep F. Abril, Anna Agbayani, Hui-Jin An, Cynthia M. Andrews-Pfannkoch, Danita Baldwin, Richard M. Ballew, Anand Basu, James D. Baxendale, Leyla Bayraktaroglu, Ellen M. Beasley, Karen Y. Beeson, Panayiotis V. Benos, Benjamin Paul Berman, Deepali D. Bhandari, Slava Bolshakov, Dana Borkova, Michael R. Botchan, John B. Bouck, Peter B Brokstein, Phillipe Brottier, Kenneth C. Burtis, Dana Busam, Heather Butler, Édouard Cadieu, Ishwar Chandra, J. Michael Cherry, Simon E. Cawley, Carl Dahlke, Lionel B. Davenport, Peter L. Davies, Beatriz de Pablos, Arthur L. Delcher, Zuoming Deng, Anne Deslattes Mays, Ian M. Dew, Suzanne M. Dietz, Kristina Dodson, Lisa Doup, Michael Downes, Shannon Dugan-Rocha, Boris C. Dunkov, Patrick J. Dunn, Kenneth James Durbin, Carlos C. Evangelista, Concepción Ferraz, Steven Ferriera, Wolfgang Fleischmann, Carl Fosler, Andrei E. Gabrielian, Neha Garg, William M Gelbart, Kenneth Glasser, Anna Glodek, Fangcheng Gong, James H. Gorrell, Zhiping Gu, Ping Guan, Michael A. Harris, Nomi L. Harris, Damon A. Harvey, Thomas J. Heiman, Judith Hernandez, Jarrett Houck, Damon Hostin, Kathryn A. Houston, Timothy J. Howland, Ming-Hui Wei, Chinyere Ibegwam, Mena Jalali, Francis Kalush, Gary H. Karpen, Zhaoxi Ke, James A. Kennison, Karen A. Ketchum, Bruce E. Kimmel, Chinnappa D. Kodira, Cheryl L. Kraft, Saul A. Kravitz, David Kulp, Zhongwu Lai, Paul F. Lasko, Yiding Lei, Alexander A. Levitsky, Jiayin Li, Zhenya Li, Yong Liang, Xiaoying Lin, Xiangjun Liu, Bettina Mattei, Tina C. McIntosh, Michael P. McLeod, Duncan McPherson, Gennady V. Merkulov, Natalia V. Milshina, Clark M. Mobarry, Joe Morris, Ali Moshrefi, Stephen M. Mount, Mee Moy, Brian J. Murphy, Lee D. Murphy, Donna Marie Muzny, David L. Nelson, David R. Nelson, Keith Adam Nelson, Katherine Nixon, Deborah R. Nusskern, Joanne Pacleb, Michael Palazzolo, Gjange S. Pittman, Sue Pan, John Robert Pollard, Vinita Puri, Martin G. Reese, Knut Reinert, Karin Remington, Robert D. C. Saunders, Frederick Scheeler, Hua Min Shen, Bixiang Christopher Shue, Inga Sidén‐Kiamos, Michael A. Simpson, Marian P. Skupski, Tom Smith, Eugene G. Spier, Allan C. Spradling, Mark Stapleton, Renee Strong, Eric I. Sun, Robert Svirskas, Cyndee Tector, Russell Turner, Eli Venter, Aihui H. Wang, Xin Wang, Zhenyuan Wang, David A. Wassarman, George M. Weinstock, Jean Weissenbach, Sherita M. Williams, Trevor Woodage, Kim C. Worley, David Wu, Song P. Yang, Q. Alison Yao, Jane J. Ye, Ru‐Fang Yeh, Jayshree Zaveri, Ming Zhan, Guangren Zhang, Qi Zhao, Liansheng Zheng, Xiangqun Zheng-Bradley, Fei Zhong, Wenyan Zhong, Xiaojun Zhou, Shiaoping C. Zhu, Xiaohong Zhu, Hamilton O. Smith, Richard A. Gibbs, Eugene Wimberly Myers, Gerald M. Rubin, J. Craig Venter

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Abstract

The fly Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most intensively studied organisms in biology and serves as a model system for the investigation of many developmental and cellular processes common to higher eukaryotes, including humans. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of nearly all of the approximately 120-megabase euchromatic portion of the Drosophila genome using a whole-genome shotgun sequencing strategy supported by extensive clone-based sequence and a high-quality bacterial artificial chromosome physical map. Efforts are under way to close the remaining gaps; however, the sequence is of sufficient accuracy and contiguity to be declared substantially complete and to support an initial analysis of genome structure and preliminary gene annotation and interpretation. The genome encodes approximately 13,600 genes, somewhat fewer than the smaller Caenorhabditis elegans genome, but with comparable functional diversity.

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What this paper is about

The fly Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most intensively studied organisms in biology and serves as a model system for the investigation of many developmental and cellular processes common to higher eukaryotes, including humans. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of nearly all of the approximately 120-megabase euchromatic portion of the Drosophila genome using a whole-genome shotgun sequencing strategy supported by extensive clone-based sequence and a high-quality bacterial artificial chromosome physical map. Efforts are under way to close the remaining gaps; however, the sequence is of sufficient accuracy and contiguity to be declared substantially complete and to support an initial analysis of genome structure and preliminary gene annotation and interpretation. The genome encodes approximately 13,600 genes, somewhat fewer than the smaller Caenorhabditis elegans genome, but with comparable functional diversity.

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Available abstract

The fly Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most intensively studied organisms in biology and serves as a model system for the investigation of many developmental and cellular processes common to higher eukaryotes, including humans. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of nearly all of the approximately 120-megabase euchromatic portion of the Drosophila genome using a whole-genome shotgun sequencing strategy supported by extensive clone-based sequence and a high-quality bacterial artificial chromosome physical map. Efforts are under way to close the remaining gaps; however, the sequence is of sufficient accuracy and contiguity to be declared substantially complete and to support an initial analysis of genome structure and preliminary gene annotation and interpretation. The genome encodes approximately 13,600 genes, somewhat fewer than the smaller Caenorhabditis elegans genome, but with comparable functional diversity.

Key concepts: Biology, Genome, Genetics, Drosophila melanogaster, Genome project, Euchromatin, Whole genome sequencing, Caenorhabditis elegans

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